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Gambar Portable Water Meter
Hal yang paling penting dalam membuat program adalah proses pengulangan.
Banyak sekali perintah pengulangan yang bisa dipakai pada pemrograman C berbasis AVR, antara lain while dan for.
berikut adalah cuplikan sebuah function yang menggunakan perintah yang teramat mudah untuk dipahami yakni menggunakan goto
char* key_value(unsigned char x,unsigned char y,unsigned char sz) //nyoba function
{
unsigned long int a1=0;
unsigned char a,b,d;
char e;
char* c="12345678901234567890";
lcd_gotoxy(x,y);
lcd_putsf(" ");
lcd_gotoxy(x,y);
lcd_putchar('-');
a=0;
d=0;
xx:
a1++;
if(a1==1)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,3);
lcd_putsf("Key D to Save ");
}
if(a1==40000)
{
lcd_gotoxy(0,3);
lcd_putsf(" Key C to Cansel");
}
if(a1==80000)
{
a1=0;
}
keybord();
b=keyb;
if(b!=0)
{
if((b<='9')&(d<sz)&(b>='0'))
{
d++;
lcd_gotoxy(x+a,y);
lcd_putchar(b);
lcd_gotoxy(x+d,y);
lcd_putchar('-');
c[d]=b;
lstr=d;
}
a++;
if(b=='C')
{
//no ok
c='';
lstr=0;
goto ok;
}
if(b!='D')
{
goto xx;
}
else
{
// simpan data
goto ok;
}
}
goto xx;
ok:
return c;
}
Sedangkan Procedure berikut adalah menampilkan data angka kedalam LCD yang telah diurai antara satuan,puluhan,ratusan untuk detailnya silahkan simak programnya sebagai berikut
void run_test(void)
{
unsigned long int b,a;
unsigned int sat,pul,rat,rib,prib,rrib,jut,c;
unsigned char* s1;
unsigned long int lta;
unsigned int msat,mpul;
y:
lcd_clear();
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("1. OPEN VALVE");
lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_putsf("2. CLOSE VALVE");
lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
lcd_putsf("3. EXIT");
lcd_gotoxy(0,3);
lcd_putsf("Option = 0");
x:
keybord();
if(keyb==0)
{
goto x;
}
lcd_gotoxy(9,3);
lcd_putchar(keyb);
if(keyb=='3')
{
lcd_clear();
main_lcd();
goto xx;
}
if(keyb=='2')
{
goto y;
}
if(keyb=='1')
{
a=0;
c=0;
lcd_clear();
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("Pulse :");
lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_putsf("WATER VOLUME");
lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
lcd_putsf("=> Ltr");
keyb=0;
while((a<1000000)&(keyb==0))
{
a++;
b=a;
sat=b%10; //sisa pembagian 1234/10=123.4 sisa 0.4
b/=10;
pul=b%10;
b/=10;
rat=b%10;
b/=10;
rib=b%10;
b/=10;
rrib=b%10;
b/=10;
prib=b%10;
b/=10;
jut=b%10;
s1[1]=jut+0x30;
s1[2]=prib+0x30;
s1[3]=rrib+0x30;
s1[4]=rib+0x30;
s1[5]=rat+0x30;
s1[6]=pul+0x30;
s1[7]=sat+0x30;
lcd_gotoxy(9,0);lcd_putchar(s1[1]);
lcd_gotoxy(10,0);lcd_putchar(s1[2]);
lcd_gotoxy(11,0);lcd_putchar(s1[3]);
lcd_gotoxy(12,0);lcd_putchar(s1[4]);
lcd_gotoxy(13,0);lcd_putchar(s1[5]);
lcd_gotoxy(14,0);lcd_putchar(s1[6]);
lcd_gotoxy(15,0);lcd_putchar(s1[7]);
c++;
//liter
b=a*100;
b=b/pulsa;
msat=b%10; //sisa pembagian 1234/10=123.4 sisa 0.4
b/=10;
mpul=b%10;
b/=10;
s1[3]=mpul+0x30;
s1[4]=msat+0x30;
lcd_gotoxy(10,2);lcd_putchar(s1[3]);
lcd_gotoxy(11,2);lcd_putchar(s1[4]);
b=a/pulsa;
sat=b%10; //sisa pembagian 1234/10=123.4 sisa 0.4
b/=10;
pul=b%10;
b/=10;
rat=b%10;
b/=10;
rib=b%10;
b/=10;
rrib=b%10;
b/=10;
prib=b%10;
s1[1]=prib+0x30;
s1[2]=rrib+0x30;
s1[3]=rib+0x30;
s1[4]=rat+0x30;
s1[5]=pul+0x30;
s1[6]=sat+0x30;
lcd_gotoxy(3,2);lcd_putchar(s1[1]);
lcd_gotoxy(4,2);lcd_putchar(s1[2]);
lcd_gotoxy(5,2);lcd_putchar(s1[3]);
lcd_gotoxy(6,2);lcd_putchar(s1[4]);
lcd_gotoxy(7,2);lcd_putchar(s1[5]);
lcd_gotoxy(8,2);lcd_putchar(s1[6]);
lcd_gotoxy(9,2);lcd_putchar('.');
delay_ms(10);
keybord();
}
goto y;
}
goto x;
xx:
}
Berikut ini cuplikan procedure keypad matrik 4X4| TUGAS AKHIR
void keybord(void)
{
keyb=0;
PORTB.0=1; //2k2 ke + out
PORTB.1=0;
PORTB.2=0;
PORTB.3=0;
if(PIND.3==1){keyb='D';while(PIND.3!=0);} //10k ke ground in
if(PIND.4==1){keyb='C';while(PIND.4!=0);}
if(PIND.5==1){keyb='B';while(PIND.5!=0);}
if(PIND.6==1){keyb='A';while(PIND.6!=0);}
PORTB.0=0;
PORTB.1=1;
PORTB.2=0;
PORTB.3=0;
if(PIND.3==1){keyb='#';while(PIND.3!=0);}
if(PIND.4==1){keyb='9';while(PIND.4!=0);}
if(PIND.5==1){keyb='6';while(PIND.5!=0);}
if(PIND.6==1){keyb='3';while(PIND.6!=0);}
PORTB.2=1;
PORTB.1=0;
PORTB.0=0;
PORTB.3=0;
if(PIND.3==1){keyb='0';while(PIND.3!=0);}
if(PIND.4==1){keyb='8';while(PIND.4!=0);}
if(PIND.5==1){keyb='5';while(PIND.5!=0);}
if(PIND.6==1){keyb='2';while(PIND.6!=0);}
PORTB.3=1;
PORTB.1=0;
PORTB.2=0;
PORTB.0=0;
if(PIND.3==1){keyb='*';while(PIND.3!=0);}
if(PIND.4==1){keyb='7';while(PIND.4!=0);}
if(PIND.5==1){keyb='4';while(PIND.5!=0);}
if(PIND.6==1){keyb='1';while(PIND.6!=0);}
if(keyb!=0)
{
delay_ms(10);
}
}
UNTUK APLIKASI PENGGERAK MOTOR DC PWM ADALAH CARA AMPUH UNTUK MENGATASINYA.
berikut contoh program sederhana dari PWM
/*****************************************************
This program was produced by the
CodeWizardAVR V1.25.3 Standard
Automatic Program Generator
© Copyright 1998-2007 Pavel Haiduc, HP InfoTech s.r.l.
http://www.hpinfotech.com
Project :
Version :
Date : 10/13/2009
Author : F4CG
Company : F4CG
Comments:
Chip type : ATmega32
Program type : Application
Clock frequency : 11.000000 MHz
Memory model : Small
External SRAM size : 0
Data Stack size : 512
*****************************************************/
#include <mega32.h>
#define pwmKi PORTC.0
#define pwmKa PORTC.1
#define mKi_plus PORTC.2
#define mKi_min PORTC.3
#define mKa_plus PORTC.4
#define mKa_min PORTC.5
unsigned char pwmKi_val,pwmKa_val,x = 0;
// Timer 0 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
// Place your code here
TCNT0 = 0xC0;
x++;
if (x>=pwmKa_val) {
pwmKa=0;
} else {
pwmKa=1;
}
if (x>=pwmKi_val) {
pwmKi=0;
} else {
pwmKi=1;
}
}
// Declare your global variables here
void main(void)
{
// Declare your local variables here
// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;
// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0x00;
DDRB=0x00;
// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0x00;
// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0x00;
// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: 42.969 kHz
// Mode: Phase correct PWM top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x44;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;
// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;
// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;
// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;
// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x01;
// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;
// Global enable interrupts
#asm("sei")
while (1)
{
// Place your code here
pwmKa_val = 0xff;
pwmKi_val = 0x20;
delay_ms(1500);
pwmKa_val = 0x20;
pwmKi_val = 0xff;
};
}
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Tutorial AVR 
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